SS-31

Longevity FDA-approved drug

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (cardiolipin-binding) · also known as Elamipretide, Forzinity, MTP-131, Bendavia

For reference only — not medical advice. Figures are commonly reported values compiled from published sources and may be wrong or out of date. Many compounds listed are not approved for human use. Talk to a licensed clinician before using any compound.

SS-31, also called elamipretide, binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. A pharmaceutical form received accelerated FDA approval in 2025 for Barth syndrome, and it has also been studied in primary mitochondrial myopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Its use in healthy aging is a research interest only.

Commonly reported dosing (50 mg vial)

Reconstituted with 3 mL → 16.667 mg/mL.

Also sold in 10 mg, 30 mg vials.

Phase	Dose	Volume	U-100 units
Starting	5 mg	0.3 mL	30
Standard	10 mg	0.6 mL	60
Higher Upper step of the 50 mg vial's extended chart; 20 mg is reported split into two injections.	15 mg	0.9 mL	90

Frequency: Once daily, subcutaneous (the highest reported amounts are split into two injections) · Half-life: Short (hours); the label reports minimal accumulation with daily dosing and near-complete urinary excretion within 48 hours

Open in calculator

Commonly reported reconstitution steps

Vials are usually brought to room temperature (about 15-20 minutes) first.
3 mL of bacteriostatic water is added slowly down the inside wall of the 50 mg vial.
The vial is swirled gently until clear, not shaken.
This gives 16.67 mg/mL. Mixed vials are typically labeled with the date and refrigerated.

Storage

Before mixing: Lyophilized vials are commonly stored frozen (-20 °C).

After mixing: Reconstituted solution is commonly kept refrigerated (2-8 °C) and protected from light.

Commonly used within 28 days of mixing.

How it works

By associating with cardiolipin, the peptide is thought to stabilize cristae structure and improve electron transport efficiency, reducing excess reactive oxygen species formation.

Researched for

Studied in a randomized trial in primary mitochondrial myopathy, where the main walking endpoint was not met.
Examined in Barth syndrome, leading to accelerated approval on a muscle-strength endpoint.
Investigated in animal aging models for muscle function and redox stress.

Notes

FDA approval applies only to one branded product, for Barth syndrome in people of 30 kg or more; it does not extend to other uses or to unregulated research vials.
The approved product (Forzinity) is labeled at 40 mg subcutaneously once daily for patients with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kg.
Approved products come with their own labeled preparation instructions; the reconstitution figures here apply to research vials, and dose steps are community-reported.
Injection-site reactions are among the commonly reported effects in trials.
Figures here use a 50 mg vial with 3 mL (about 16.7 mg/mL), so 15 mg is 0.9 mL.